Raise STM32F1 UART IRQ Priority, add error handling (#19301)

(Error handling for Overrun, Framing and Parity.)

Marlin/src/HAL/STM32F1/MarlinSerial.h

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <HardwareSerial.h>
+#include <libmaple/usart.h>
 #include <WString.h>
 
 #include "../../inc/MarlinConfigPre.h"
@@ -29,6 +30,8 @@
   #include "../../feature/e_parser.h"
 #endif
 
+#define UART_IRQ_PRIO 1
+
 class MarlinSerial : public HardwareSerial {
 public:
   MarlinSerial(struct usart_dev *usart_device, uint8 tx_pin, uint8 rx_pin) :
@@ -38,6 +41,18 @@ public:
     #endif
     { }
 
+  #ifdef UART_IRQ_PRIO
+    // shadow the parent methods to set irq priority after the begin
+    void begin(uint32 baud) {
+      MarlinSerial::begin(baud, SERIAL_8N1);
+    }
+
+    void begin(uint32 baud, uint8_t config) {
+      HardwareSerial::begin(baud, config);
+      nvic_irq_set_priority(c_dev()->irq_num, UART_IRQ_PRIO);
+    }
+  #endif
+
   #if ENABLED(EMERGENCY_PARSER)
     EmergencyParser::State emergency_state;
   #endif