Cleanup of planner code

- Use named axis indexes, `X_AXIS` etc.
- Replace `block.steps_A` with block.steps[A]`
- Replace `A_segment_time` with `segment_time[A]`
- Add `A_AXIS`, `B_AXIS` for `COREXY` axes
- Conditional compile based on `EXTRUDERS`
- Add BLOCK_MOD macro for planner block indexes
- Apply coding standards to `planner.h` and `planner.cpp`
- Small optimizations of planner code
- Update `stepper.cpp` for new `block` struct
- Replace `memcpy` with loops, let the compiler unroll them
- Make `movesplanned` into an inline function

Marlin/Marlin.h

@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ void manage_inactivity(bool ignore_stepper_queue=false);
   #define disable_e3() /* nothing */
 #endif
 
-enum AxisEnum {X_AXIS=0, Y_AXIS=1, Z_AXIS=2, E_AXIS=3, X_HEAD=4, Y_HEAD=5}; 
+enum AxisEnum {X_AXIS=0, Y_AXIS=1, A_AXIS=0, B_AXIS=1, Z_AXIS=2, E_AXIS=3, X_HEAD=4, Y_HEAD=5};
 //X_HEAD and Y_HEAD is used for systems that don't have a 1:1 relationship between X_AXIS and X Head movement, like CoreXY bots.
 
 void FlushSerialRequestResend();
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ extern unsigned char fanSpeedSoftPwm;
   extern bool filament_sensor;  //indicates that filament sensor readings should control extrusion
   extern float filament_width_meas; //holds the filament diameter as accurately measured
   extern signed char measurement_delay[];  //ring buffer to delay measurement
-  extern int delay_index1, delay_index2;  //index into ring buffer
+  extern int delay_index1, delay_index2;  //ring buffer index. used by planner, temperature, and main code
   extern float delay_dist; //delay distance counter
   extern int meas_delay_cm; //delay distance
 #endif